School Dress Code Essay Example For Students

School Dress Code Essay When considering what a school uniform may resemble, Angus Young of AC/DC rings a bell. His uniform, or execution outfit, is that of an English student, wearing a suit type uniform with shorts rather than pants and an out of control golf players cap. A gathering of young ladies and young men all wearing a similar shaded regalia collected before the catholic school down the square is another image that strikes a chord when pondering school garbs. The picture of school regalia has been joined to understudies of European and tuition based schools. Such pictures, of understudies dressing in school outfits, have prompted generalizing and a negative demeanor towards schools upholding a uniform strategy. Youngsters are introduced as robots without the capacity to communicate in a general public that advances self-articulation and distinction. The issue is that the expense of communicating and being an individual can be cosmic. It isn't remarkable to hear that a 15-year-old some place was fiercely attacked for a couple of costly Nike shoes. This thought is straightforwardly related to rivalry in design rather than scholastics in the educational system. In ongoing history state funded schools have believed regalia to be an old and to some degree draconian pattern, however as of late the common government has endeavored to execute and uphold a uniform arrangement in our state funded educational system. The execution of a school uniform strategy is significant and important to improve the understudies. The contentions against school garbs are blurring while advocates of outfits are starting to make progress. A portion of the key advantages are wellbeing, cost, and consistency. There are a few key issues that educational committee authorities and administrators should take a gander at before executing new arrangements and laws concerning school garbs. Right off the bat, these new laws and approaches must positively affect the understudy populaces by and large good and consequently their exhibition. This would not be restricted to scholarly exhibitions just yet ought to likewise incorporate other socially learned conduct including the understudies capacity to be predictable with preset accepted practices, an ability important to be effective on the planet today. Advocates of garbs state that the scholastic execution has been expanding, and will increment further by having the understudies wear them. A diminished level of consideration and worry with style will empower a superior condition for progressively exhaustive investigation, just as decrease the financial weight put on understudies and guardians. Any circumstance that doesn't advance the improvement of understudies in school ought to be taken a gander at and concentrated to track down approaches to change the circumstance. There are no advantages to agonizing over not having the cash to purchase the most trendy clothing. Would it not be smarter to be stressing over accomplishing the best grade, making the best science venture, or submitting an English task on schedule? The entire idea and intrigue of brand name dress is so imbued into our oversimplified personalities, that it is unprecedented to perceive any understudy not wearing or conveying at any rate one bit of such product. There is no straight way through this issue, however it is conceivable to flank it. Giving a school rucksack, shoes and a cap would take out the understudies need to wear brand name garments or frill of any sort. Nonetheless, by doing this, we run over the issue of distinction, which is similarly as essential to an understudies accomplishment in life as their examination propensities. By offering a more extensive determination of school hues and styles, it is conceivable to take care of the requirement for singularity while simultaneously bearing them the chance to adjust to the guidelines of the school. The expense of executing a uniform strategy should likewise be taken a gander at intently. The accepted practice that all families have various degrees of financial status expects us to address this issue. An understudy ailing in assets ought not be compelled to burn through the entirety of their cash on regalia so they could go to class, leaving them incapable to manage the cost of after school sports or get-togethers. It would unquestionably be monstrous if an understudy ought to need to cash on regalia instead of nutritious food. .u019ff6c465583ec30a75dea1621f7939 , .u019ff6c465583ec30a75dea1621f7939 .postImageUrl , .u019ff6c465583ec30a75dea1621f7939 .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u019ff6c465583ec30a75dea1621f7939 , .u019ff6c465583ec30a75dea1621f7939:hover , .u019ff6c465583ec30a75dea1621f7939:visited , .u019ff6c465583ec30a75dea1621f7939:active { border:0!important; } .u019ff6c465583ec30a75dea1621f7939 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u019ff6c465583ec30a75dea1621f7939 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u019ff6c465583ec30a75dea1621f7939:active , .u019ff6c465583ec30a75dea1621f7939:hover { mistiness: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u019ff6c465583ec30a75dea1621f7939 .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: relat ive; } .u019ff6c465583ec30a75dea1621f7939 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content enrichment: underline; } .u019ff6c465583ec30a75dea1621f7939 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u019ff6c465583ec30a75dea1621f7939 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content design: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u019ff6c465583ec30a75dea1621f7939:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u019ff6c4 65583ec30a75dea1621f7939 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u019ff6c465583ec30a75dea1621f7939-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u019ff6c465583ec30a75dea1621f7939:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Of Mice And Men Essay There is a basic answer for this money related issue. 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Written assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Composed task - Essay Example The data in the video is firmly connected to part 9 practices appeared in age 12. The key data straightforwardly identified with affection, includes administration and money related commitments to the people out of luck. Love involves thinking about one another in the midst of hardship, and furthermore being worried about the intrigue and government assistance of our neighbors who are encountering testing circumstances and needing assistance. The administrations gave to penniless neighbor incorporate, deliberate clinical administrations, lawful counsel, and even budgetary guidance administrations. Financial help can be utilized to get essential necessities like clinical supplies to support meriting cases. Page 10 of section 9 likewise has intriguing parts of affection. The objectives are planned for guaranteeing love through protecting the enthusiasm of others in the general public. Lessening vitality use by grasping vitality proficiency shows love. This is on the grounds that it targets shielding the earth to serve both present and people in the future. Proficient vitality sources are viewed as green, and accordingly earth

Basics of Astronomy essays

Rudiments of Astronomy papers #1) (An) Issac Newtons Law of Universal Gravitation is: Two bodies pulled in to one another with a power that is legitimately corresponding to the result of their masses and contrarily relative to the square of the separation between them. This implies the further separated these two drawing in bodies are from one another, the less the gravitational power between them is. The power of gravity relies upon the result of the mass of the two pulling in bodies. In the event that the separation between the two bodies duplicates, the power between them becomes one fourth of the power it was previously. The Law of Universal Gravitation is crucial in light of the fact that it scientifically demonstrates Keplers Three Laws of Planetary Motion. The Planets adhere to indistinguishable laws of movement from objects on the outside of the earth. (B) Newton found different sorts of circles that have roundabout of curved ways. Be that as it may, if the speed of a circling body were expanded, its orbital way would change to a parabola or hyperbola and it would get away from the gravitational draw of the sun. It would then leave the nearby planetary group. Parabolas are the orbital ways of items as an open bend. On the off chance that one removes an edge in a round cone, it would follow this way corresponding to the sides of the cone. Hyperbolas happen when a plane cuts across two equals half-cones. Keplers laws applies to any circumstance where two bodies known to mankind circle each other because of their common gravitational fascination, not only two planets. For instance: Moons that circle planets, for example, the four Galilean Moons that circle Jupiter. #2)(A) The reflecting telescope, which utilizes a mirror to draw in light was culminated by Isaac Newton in 1668 in spite of the fact that it was created by John Gregory in 1663. The refracting telescope, which utilizes a focal point to pull in light was created by a Dutch optician in 1608 named Hans Lippershey. Two different innovators were Zacharias Jannssen and Jacob Metius. Be that as it may, Galil... <!

Cognition Communication Judgmental Biases -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Examine About The Cognition Communication Judgmental Biases? Answer: Introducation The examination structure of the investigation has been made cautiously, considering the territories which appear to be generally influenced. The key focuses, where most mishaps happen, have pretty much been secured by utilizing the spectators. This will be useful to comprehend the frequencies and the general timespan of the mishaps (Mackey and Gass 2015). The examination technique has been given enough consideration which would assist with taking note of down everything about is expected to make legitimate appraisals in regards to the causality of the mishaps and would bring up towards the potential arrangements that would encourage in the activities that are expected to cut the numbers down. The examination configuration has been made to be engaging. The exploration configuration plans to comprehend the causality of the mishaps and might want to investigate the outcomes that are being produced because of those components. The circumstances and logical results investigation would be the best strategy to comprehend the traits and the parameters that are the fundamental explanations behind the quantity of mishaps to be so high. Difficulties in legitimacy and dependability In spite of the examination strategy being planned with incredible consideration, there lay a few issues in regards to the legitimacy of the outcomes, just as the unwavering quality of the created information. Two days into the information assortment process, a mishap happened near one of the eyewitness. Be that as it may, the spot of the mishap was 200 meters from the eyewitness. This conspicuous separation may end up being a deterrent in the evaluation. The onlooker will clearly set aside some effort to see or find out about the mishap and much more opportunity to arrive at the site. This hole of time would, point of fact, lead to certain information or indispensable detail to be lost (Patten and Newhart 2017). Subtleties of mishaps are extremely dreary to gather and any missing subtlety can modify the appraisal procedure, which, thus, would have substantial effect on the dynamic procedure and the outcomes yielded (Flick 2015). Another most serious issue that might be looked by the exploration approach is the undeniable inquiry of predisposition. Each eyewitness will have her or his own recognitions with respect to who is at fault for the mishap. This would make it unbelievably blurred as far as the best possible appraisal. The very subtleties and notes, which would frame the premise of the exploration, whereupon decisions and ends will be drawn, would be changed and a reasonable unprejudiced view won't be reached by any means (Mertens 2014). This must be disposed of if the exploration plans to concoct the outcomes which would cut down the mishap numbers. Methodological issues There might be different issues with respect to the information assortment process. The exceptionally obvious one would be the issue with irregularities. While the majority of the mishaps have been believed to be come about by disappointed drivers and multitude of understudies going across the street, there may even now be a few mishaps which might be caused altogether because of broken conduct of the driver or unfeeling understudies. These inconsistencies would have misdirecting results and would make the activities taken to be dangerous (Yin 2013). Arbitrary examining never mirrors the absolute mass conditions and neglects to give a smart thought about what occurred in each and every case (Rubin and Babbie 2016). Much the same as the mishap that happened two days into the information assortment process: the understudy was killed because of a speeding sports vehicle. The conspicuous inquiry that would emerge here would tell that in the event that the driver was experiencing a multit ude of people on foot, at that point he can't be speeding; and on the off chance that he was in certainty driving quick, at that point it is possible that it was the drivers deficiency for not easing back down, or it was the understudies botch for not being sufficiently cautious while going across the street. Proposals to improve the examination There are a couple of ways the exploration can be improved as far as quality and upgrade the legitimacy of the outcomes. These techniques might be useful to improve the believability and in this way encourage in settling on better and increasingly effective choices. To guarantee that no detail is missed or each mishap can be held under reconnaissance, the exploration group can enroll more spectators who will cover a more noteworthy region and would make certain to monitor everything (Schwarz 2014). The onlookers must be made to comprehend that their understandings would think about the choices that will be taken: the created information will be utilized by Dr. John Nottingham and his computations and rationale will be given to the college, which would then take suitable estimates that are planned for attempting to diminish the mishaps. On the off chance that the created information is blurred by biasness with respect to recognitions about who is to be faulted, the choices will be similarly defective, and may in any event, bring to wrong individuals under direct activities (Panneerselvam 2014). To wipe out this chance, the onlookers must be fair-minded in their suppositions, and just need to make record of what occurred, and not their own considerations with respect to who to fault. More prominent number of tests should be taken, to ensure no oddity is available in the information. Arbitrary testing ought to be maintained a strategic distance from however much as could reasonably be expected, yet since the entire populace can't be considered, the irregular example must be mindful so as to note down each potential results and not simply record a couple of irregular occurances. References Flick, U., 2015.Introducing examination system: A fledgling's manual for doing an exploration venture. Sage. Mackey, A. what's more, Gass, S.M., 2015.Second language inquire about: Methodology and plan. Routledge. Mertens, D.M., 2014.Research and assessment in instruction and brain research: Integrating assorted variety with quantitative, subjective, and blended techniques. Sage productions. Panneerselvam, R., 2014.Research system. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Patten, M.L. what's more, Newhart, M., 2017.Understanding exploration strategies: A diagram of the basics. Taylor Francis. Rubin, A. what's more, Babbie, E.R., 2016.Empowerment arrangement: Research strategies for social work. Cengage Learning. Schwarz, N., 2014.Cognition and correspondence: Judgmental predispositions, inquire about strategies, and the rationale of discussion. Brain science Press. Yin, R.K., 2013.Case investigation look into: Design and strategies. Sage production

Work-life Balance in HRM - Free Essay Example

Assignment 1 Work-life Balance in HRM Submitted for MSc Word Count: 2,500 words November 2014 Name: Student number: Table of ContentsPage No Introduction 3 Change in Nature of Work 4 Lean Enterprise 4 Adoption of Lean Thinking 4 Work Life Balance (WLB) 5 Initiatives for WLB 6 Key Features of WLB across Cultures 7 Methodology 8 Conclusion 8 Recommendations 9 References 10 Introduction Globalisation makes the trading environment quite demanding for the businesses operating in it. New strategies are required by businesses in order to be successful and to compete with competitors, when a company is pursuing through this pattern then there could be some challenges like cost reduction, productivity enhancement, attaining customer needs, profit maximisation and retaining committed work force (Boone and Van Den Bosch, 1997). Human resource management (HRM) can play a decisive role for enhancing performance of an organisation and meeting challenges; it is facing in day to day operations (Harzing and Pinnington, 2011). In addition to this HRM is also vital for a business because it helps in developing skills of work force as well as their knowledge base. HRM is required to adopt a strategy for attaining objective pose by the organisation where the adoption of certain strategy could be difficult because the cultural background of work force is usually variant and certain HRM strategy could be ineffective when managing variant cultural related people (Harzing and Pinnington, 2011). It has been mentioned in a research that western management style could be ineffective when it comes to managing an eastern based business (Nigam; Su, 2011). The area of managing human in an organisation becomes even more critical when work life balance has to be maintained by the organisation. Different types of responses are recorded by employees from different countries. Economy of a country plays an integral role in regards to work life balance (WLB), employees from developed economy are required to work more harder than to employees from developing economy (Milhouse et al., 2001). WLB is fulfilling responsibility of people where individual could respond differently so that all parties can be benefited (Milhouse et al., 2001). The role of an organisation in WLB has been highlighted by Chandra (2012), he reiterated that HR policies based on flexibility and choice can solve WLB issues. The issue of WLB comes when personal life conflicts with the demand of work for an individual. It is personal choice of an individual to give preference to the personal life or the work life depends on the goals of an individual (Milhouse et al., 2001). In this essay influence of HRM has been considered in relation of WLB in cross culture perspective. Different human resource management styles for cross culture are mentioned which is further extended with a critical analysis on WLB from the perspective of both employers and employees in western and non western economies. Conclusion has been drawn on the basis of entire research which is followed by the recommendations in order to improve the working environment for employees. Change in Nature of Work There are quite a few factors that contribute to the changing nature of work but mainly two drivers are being mentioned by organisational theorists (Liker, 2003). There has been a constant pressure these days on organisations to be more competitive (agile) and in addition to this organisations are also required to be customer focused (lean enterprise) (Mohrman and Cohen, 1995). Being competitive these days refer to the ability of an organisation to accommodate the changes in the business. Organisations are also required to provide those services as well as products that are mainly complimented or appreciated by its customers (Zuboff and Maxmin, 2002). Lean Enterprise Lean enterprise is a product of recent past when it has been focused by Toyota while manufacturing its products to include those features in its products that are highly regarded by customers (Liker, 2003). The concept got immense success by the business world and led to significant changes in the businesses across the globe. The concept of lean enterprise is mainly associated to manufacturing or product development businesses (Liker, 2003). If a business is intended to be lean enterprise then it has to be motivated by certain principles of lean enterprise (Womack et al., 1990). The product is required to have some certain value from the customer perspective. It is required to identify those activities that could be valuable for customers. Organisation has to remove all non value adding activities from its process. Waste and inefficiency is required to be removed from the functions. Lean enterprise makes the organisations to respond to the need of markets rapidly after the reduction in cycle time, customizing its operations and by supporting the need of constant change and innovation in the organisations (Kling and Zmuidzinas, 1994). Adoption of Lean Thinking Adopting the concept of lean enterprise is not something that can be done without any change as organisational structure is required to be altered and in addition to that internal activities are required to be customised as well as efficiency level is required to be enhanced. The aspect of waste remove from the functions is not something that can be done without going through any change because waste is becoming part of the function when a slack exists in the processes and removal of that slack means altering the way function is conducted by the business (Mohrman et al., 1998). The required changes in the organisation are getting supported by the advancement in the information technology and development in the means of communication. In order to adopt lean thinking an organisation is required to go through following changes (Zuboff and Maxmin, 2002): Hierarchy is required to maintain discipline in an organisation but the same hierarchy can be cumbersome if there are over excessive level of hierarchy in an organisation because it is not as responsive as an organisation could be without having too many levels of hierarchies. In lean enterprise hierarchy is required to be replaced by cross unit organisational groups. Strict boundaries in organisation on the level of departments as well on the level of job categories are required to be blurred so that different parts of the organisation can come closer and thus knowledge can be shared. The entire organisation is required to work as a team so that rapid decisions can be made and inefficiencies can be removed and thus work processes can be improved. Workers are required to be followed by organisational goals rather than rule and regulations. The process of change in an organisation is required to be continuous where the reflection on past could help devising for the future. Work Life Balance (WLB) Before the mid 90à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s the aspect of WLB on organisational level rarely discussed, recently it has received quite a lot of attention by the corporate world (Glynn, 1999). Following this attention to WLB the organisations has gone through quite a lot of changes both inside as well as in the wider society. It doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t mean that change has to be introduced when a new aspect introduced in an organisation rather than change has been regarded as constant in a business to be successful (Glynn, 2000). Change put pressure on the work force as the resultant effects of the change are required to be managed by the work force where work load can be increased or new skills are required to be developed by the work force (CIPD, 1999). The pressure on work force can make them a bit insecure towards the organisation. Change could result in confusion of the work force as they might feel that they have to go through constant pressure of proving their worth to the organisa tion (Worrall and Cooper, 2001). In addition to this there is not much freedom for an employee to choose which employees they want to work for these days. The entire development in the working environment leads to a situation where the work force is required to be working for longer hours and they are also aiming for a better balance between work and life (Glynn, 1999). It also leads to a problem where a small portion of talented work force could leave those organisations that are demanding for more work in return of less benefits and preference is normally given to that work place where importance of also given to the life outside the work. The problem of work life balance intensifies with societal change where now women are also a main part of organisation which means that they are working along men thus the family life suffer more in result of it (Worrall and Cooper, 2001). These days to some extent the grounds on which an organisation can be regarded as a better working place are about its ability to accommodate the individual life outside the work as well as the life in the organisation. In the light of entire discussion it has been concluded that WLB is about recognition of a need that an individual is required to maintain a balance between demand from his work and from the rest of his life. The need of work life balance makes an employer to go for those policies that could aid the work force for maintaining balance between the work and personal life (MacBride-King, 1999). This is the reason that WLB is a joint responsibility of both employees and employers. In regards to an employer addressing WLB is quite complicated as balance for one individual might not be applicable to another individual (Glynn et al., 2001). It means employer to adopt those policies in regards to WLB that could benefit most of the work force. Initiatives for WLB Initiatives in regards to WLB can be the range of work arrangements, both formal and informal, that exceed the statutory minimum and which assist employees to combine employment with their caring responsibilities and personal life outside work (Allen, 2001; p. 415). If this concept is applied in the organisation then employees can achieve a balance between their personal interest and their work even regardless of the responsibilities they have outside the work. Some of the initiatives for WLB could be (Perlow, 1995): Career breaks: Some employers are giving career breaks to its employees like educational leaves, maternity leaves, bereavement leave and parental leaves. Part time hours: If an employ is unable to work full time then some part time working hours could solve the WLB problems for employees. Flexi-time: This arrangement can help employees to arrange their personal life with the work life. Job sharing: When an employee is unable to perform the duties of full time then two employees can be assigned to the tasks which are supposed to be done by a single employee. Childcare Support: Child care centre is quite useful for working parents so they can get rid of the tension they might have due to their kids. Key Features of WLB across Countries The aspect of cost cutting made organisations in all economies to divert the load on the work force. There had been a survey conducted in UK with a name of Roffey Park Management Agenda. The outcome of the report highlighted that half of the people in UK believe that their respective organisations are demanding excessively from them (Holbeche and McCartney, 2002). The result of this load is more hours from the work force. Another survey conducted Ceridian Performance Partners (2000), In this survey 40% of respondents mentioned that they feel over stressed due to the work load they are having. There is another reason of this stress, CIPD (1999) reiterated that disorganised or mismanagement in the organisation also make the work force to spend more hours doing their work as mistakes are required to be rectified. The possible solution of this problem could be smart work which could decrease the work load and as well as can make the organisation to save its resources. The report of Roffey suggested that 88% of respondents are of the view that they are required to work longer than their committed hours on regular basis (Holbeche and McCartney, 2002). If an employee is supposed to spend more hours in the organisation then these hours make him to sacrifice his or her personal commitment which means the life outside the work could suffer (Clark, 1994). The overall effect of all these changes in the working of an employee can create stress in an individual. The problem of stress or work load is by no mean confined to UK rather than in Japan over work and lack of WLB balance became a source of increase in suicide since 1970 (Maitland, 2000). Home life of employees in the country is severely getting affected. Quality of Working Life Survey (2000)10found that 69% of respondents felt that the excessive hours adversely affected their morale This effect appears to be getting more pronounced, having risen from 56% in 1998. In all it can be said that WLB is not somethin g whose affects are limited to the organisation rather it creates long lasting problems in the society thus organisations are required to focus on this issue for the welfare of an entire society. Methodology Methodology for any research is about strategy for enquiring about the area of research and then moving to data collection so that conclusion can be attained in result of research (Myers, 2009). The primary objective of this research is to analyse the WLB issues in the cross cultural human resource management. The research is descriptive so all of the sources accessed for this research are secondary which means prior researches have been analysed for this research. The research started with the understanding of WLB as a discipline then reasons for the need of WLB has been analysed after which different initiatives has been considered that were taken for the sake of WLB. The last stage of research is about different practical cases of countries so that WLB situation can be analysed in these countries. All the sources considered were in the light of qualitative aspect of research as WLB in itself is more o qualitative issue when managing human resource. In qualitative research, diffe rent knowledge claims, enquiry strategies, and data collection methods and analysis are employed (Creswell, 2003). Conclusion WLB holds importance for both employees and for the employing organisation. Individuals WLB when taken collectively from the total work force perspective then it could result in colossal impact on the performance of the entire organisation. If WLB is being attained by an employee then that employee could be more productive for the organisation being able to enhance engagement in result of it. In current competitive economic environment if an organisation neglects aspect like WLB then it could be difficult for that organisation to come out of recessionary challenges. More efforts are being made in western world for WLB but there is continuous improvement in employees as it affects the outcome of an organisation. Recommendations In order to take initiative for WLB an organisation is required to take long term perspective of WLB and its probable outcomes. WLB is not one size fit all approach which means individual is required to be focused which can be done if there is an adequate appraisal system working in the organisation. Effective work force ensures effectiveness of a business thus in order to increase the effectiveness of business it is quite significant to take measures like WLB for the welfare of organsiation which can only after realising the importance of worker in the work place. References Allen, T. D. (2001) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Family-supportive work environments: the role of organizational perceptionsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, Journal of Vocational Behavior, Vol. 58, pp. 414-35. Boone, P, and Van Den Bosch, A. J. (1997) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Discerning a key characteristic of a European Style of Managementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, Int. Studies of Mgt. Org., Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 109-127. Ceridian Performance Partners (2000) Howà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Your Life Working, Ceridian Performance Partners. CIPD (1999) Living to Work? CIPD Survey Report, Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. Clark, S. (1994) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Presentees: New Slaves of the Office who Run in Fearà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, Sunday Times, October16th. Creswell, J. W. (2003) Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Galinsky, E. and Stein, P. J. (1990) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The impact of human resource policies on employeesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, Jou rnal of Family Issues, Vol. 11, pp 368-83. Glynn, C. (1999) Enabling Balance à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" The Importance of Organisational Culture, Roffey Park Institute. Glynn, C. (2000) Work-Life Balance, Career and the Psychological Contract, Roffey Park Institute. Glynn, C. and Holbeche, L. (2001) and Holbeche, L. and McCartney, C. and (2002) The Roffey Park Management Agenda, Roffey Park Institute. Harzing, A. and Pinnington, A. (2011) International Human Resource Management. London: Sage Pub. Kling, R. and Zmuidzinas, M. (1994) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Technology, Ideology, and Social Transformation: The Case of Computerization and Work Organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, Review International Sociologist, Vol. 2-3, pp. 28-56. Liker, J. (2003) The Toyota Way by. McGraw-Hill. New York. MacBride-King, J. (1999) The Role of Managers in Employee Satisfaction, The Conference Board of Canada. Maitland, A. (2000) Work-Life Balance, Financial Times Survey, May 8th 2000. Mendenhall, M. and Milhouse, V. et al (2001) Transcultural Realities: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Cross-Cultural Relations. London: Sage Publications. Mohrman, A. S. and Cohen, G. S. (1995) When People Get Out of the Box. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Mohrman, A. S., Gailbraith, A. J. and Lawler, E. E. (1998) Tomorrows Organization. Associates. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Myers, D. G. (2009) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Using new interactive media to enhance the teaching of psychology (and other disciplines) in developing countriesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, Perspectives on Psychological Science, Vol. 4, pp. 99à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"100. Perlow, L. A. (1995) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Putting the work back into work/familyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, Group and Organisational Management, Vol. 20, pp 227-39. Perlow, L. (1999) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Time Famine: Toward a Sociology of Work Timeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 44, pp. 57-81. Womack, P. J., Jones, T. D. and Roos, D. (1990) The Machin e that Changed the World. Old Tappan, N.J.: Macmillan. Worrall, L. and Cooper, C. L. (2001) The Quality of Working Life 2000 Survey of Managers Changing Experiences, London: Institute of Management. Zuboff, S. and Maxmin, J. (2002) The Support Economy. New York. Penguin Group, Viking Press. Holbeche, L. and McCartney, C. (2002) The Roffey Park Management Agenda, Roffey Park Institute. Page 1 of 11

Human and Animals Cloning - Free Essay Example

In science fiction stories, the same elements are often found. Tales of robots or aliens, societies in space or underground, and travel through time and space are often encountered. Science fiction, as is appropriate, often deals with advances in science and technology, some of which have begun to move into the realm of nonfiction. Human cloning is one of these advancing sciences that is becoming more and more likely. Cloning is the exact replication of an animal or person using that organisms DNA, whether for the purpose of reproduction, research, or medical treatment. Human cloning, while a fascinating subject in the world of science fiction and a potentially exciting development in the existing scientific community, carries with it various ethical discussions. The various aspects of human cloning, including the fate of the embryo, the purpose of conception, the future of the clone, and compliance with Gods plan, There are two main types of human cloning: reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning. Reproductive cloning is the cloning of a human being solely for the purpose of reproduction. Therapeutic cloning is the cloning of a human being in order to harvest the stem cells from the embryo. These two variations are very similar in how they are begun, and mainly differ in the fate of the embryo. Both main types of cloning begin in the same way. One of the most common methods of cloning is somatic cell nuclear transfer, or SCNT. In SCNT, the chromosomes are removed from an egg to create an enucleated egg. A somatic cell is then taken from the donor to be cloned, and its nucleus is placed into the egg in the place of the old nucleus. The egg is then stimulated in order to promote cell division. This forms a blastocyst which is placed into the uterus to implant and develop. If all goes well, the blastocyst will then mature into an embryo. (Aspects) This maturation into an embryo is the fork in the road where the two main types of cloning begin to separate. The main difference here is in what happens to the embryo. In reproductive cloning, the embryo is allowed to develop, mature into a fetus, and eventually be born. Reproductive cloning would, obviously, be done for reproductive purposes. In therapeutic cloning, stem cells are harvested from the embryo, destroying it. These stem cells are then used for various types of research or medical procedures. Therapeutic cloning would be done in order to help or heal other people or animals. For these embryos, their future is hinged upon the purpose they were conceived for. In therapeutic cloning, the embryo is ultimately destroyed by the process of harvesting stem cells. While this may not seem like an issue to some, believing that the embryo is not a person at this early stage, there is logical support that it is, in fact, a living human being with a soul. Some believe that the Supreme Court statement of viability made in Roe v. Wade holds true. This is a statement that the point at which the fetus gains personhood is the same as the point at which the fetus possesses the capability to live outside the womb on its own. The point of viability is not universal, however. In differing locations where the medical technologies may vary, the point of viability will adjust according to the circumstances. Thus viability is not so much a measurement of personhood as a measurement of location and dependency, and so the argument falls apart. Another popular beginning of personhood is the point at which the fetuss brain begins to function. However, while the brain usually begins to function at about forty-five days gestation, the fact remains that the embryo possesses all the capacities for full brain activity from the point of conception. While these critical moments of personhood are popularly believed, they do not hold up under a solid argument. There are various other proposed decisive moments of personhood, but they all have similar problems. There is the point at which the embryo can experience sensations, but the experience of harm does not nullify the reality of harm. There is the first sensed movement of the fetus, but the existence of a person does not depend on others awareness of it. Birth is also a moment at which some prefer to confer personhood, but this is also simply a matter of location. Finally, implantation is a proposed decisive moment. This is the point at which the embryo produces hormones that establish its presence in the womb. Similar to the argument against the decisive moment of quickening, personhood does not depend upon others awareness. The most reasonable moment of personhood seems to be the moment of conception, as the development of a human does not have a break that affects the fetus personhood. (Moral) In addition, due to the issues with the various arguments for the later moments of personho od, the surest option would be the earliest. If we accept the moment of conception as the defining moment of personhood, the problem arises that therapeutic cloning requires the destroying of a person. Ending the life of an innocent embryo at any stage in gestation would be the same as ending the life of an innocent human at any point in their life. This is clearly wrong, as the murder of another human is a crime. Therapeutic cloning requires the termination of the embryo and is thus the murder of an innocent human being, and a crime. Apart from the killing of an innocent human being, the question is raised of the purpose for therapeutic cloning and its effect on how embryos are valued. Therapeutic cloning is carried out in order to harvest stem cells from the cloned embryo. These stem cells can be used to engineer replacement cells, tissues, and organs for the nucleus donor. (Sourcebook) While this can be seen as a very useful practice, the issue remains of the personhood of the embryo. In therapeutic cloning, a human is produced solely to be killed and used for the benefit of another human. This places a value on the life of the embryo and causes it to be seen more as a commodity. Eventually, embryonic stem cell production could become an industry, and one that would produce and destroy tens and hundreds of human lives on a daily basis. The effects of therapeutic cloning are very destructive, though they are disguised by the outward medical benefits. In regard to an embryonic stem cell industry, the outcome is dependent on society. A profitable industry need not ever come into existence. Perhaps therapeutic cloning would only become an extreme measure in life-threatening medical cases. The fact remains, however, that one human is being killed for another. Upon examination, this scenario is analogous to the famous trolley problem. If a trolley was running down a track, out of control, about to hit and kill three people, would you pull a lever in order to divert the trolley to hit and kill only one person? How about as a surgeon? If you had five patients who would all die without organ transplants and one perfectly healthy person with functioning organs, would you kill the healthy person in order to save the five patients? The harvesting of stem cells from one embryo in order to benefit others is one such problem. The idea of a stem cell industry should be examined carefully from every angle. Reproductive cloning, on the other hand, may present as harmless at first glance. In reproductive cloning, the embryo is allowed to grow and develop and ideally results in a healthy baby. As it does not involve the purposeful destruction of the embryo, it appears to be beneficial to all parties involved. Once the facts are considered, however, various problems come to light. In addition, the prospect of a child who is a genetic duplicate of a preexisting human raises various ethical debates about the clones role in society. While reproductive cloning does not purposefully harm the embryo physically, it can prove detrimental in other ways. As evidenced by the cloning of Dolly the sheep, cloning has many risks associated with it. In February 1997, after 276 failed attempts, a lamb was successfully cloned from a six-year-old Finn Dorset ewe. This lamb was given the name Dolly. Dolly only lived eight years, until she had to be put down due to a virus-induced lung tumor. While this infection was not believed to have any relation to Dollys status of clone, she is also believed to have developed arthritis at a remarkably young age due to the age of the donor cells. In addition, many other cloned animals have died before or soon after birth or have been born with various deformities. (Biotechnology) The risks of death and malformation are not ones to be taken lightly, especially in human cloning. Whether or not the harm is purposeful, it is hard to avoid the fact that many embryos are harmed or destroyed by this process of reproductive cloning. In Mengs 1997 experiment, only two out of fifty-three blastocysts survived until birth. (Aspects) With this knowledge, how can it be ethical to continue to clone embryos? Once the harm being done becomes apparent, it becomes purposeful, in a disconnected way. The benefits must be weighed carefully against the losses when it comes to the destruction of human life, even if it is not a desired or planned outcome. Another main issue with reproductive cloning is that of the complicated relationships produced by the production of a clone. In the process of reproductive cloning, the resulting embryo is genetically identical to the donor. This presents a unique situation in regard to the relationship between the donor and the clone. Because a genetic parent is someone who donates genetic material, the donor is the clones genetic mother or father. But because the clone and the donor share the exact same genetic material, they are identical twins. (Eden) Depending on the age of both the donor and the clone, the societal relationship may end up being that of parent-child, siblings, or something completely different. This unconventional relationship could have various negative repercussions in society and possibly suffer as a result. The future relationships of the clone should be carefully considered before this option is entertained. In addition, there is the element of comparison between the donor and the clone. Regardless of age, the clone and the donor will always be compared to each other, both in accomplishments and in failures. While this element may not be harmful in and of itself, the way it is handled can have a great impact on the happiness and self-image of either the clone or the donor. This is similar to the comparison between identical twins, but there is a greater danger of emotional harm when the donor has previously acquired the wisdom needed to get them to where they currently are. In addition, it must not be assumed that every donor will handle this element of comparison in a mature and appropriate way. The aspect of competition can also be the beginning to mistreatment. If the donor perceives the clone to be surpassing him or her in a particular aspect, the motivation can arise to neglect the clone in certain areas. As a result, the clone may be harmed or ignored, or denied facilities that wou ld be extremely beneficial to them. While some may believe that society would eventually adapt to the donor-clone relationship and treat both parties appropriately, adaptation will not be achieved in an instant. Along the way, it is inevitable that relationships would suffer and the people involved would also suffer physical or emotional harm. The element of comparison is not altogether healthy, and it can have a detrimental effect on both the clone and the donor. After having considered the moral side of the issue, it is necessary to consider the various points of religious contention. The primary theological debate when it comes to cloning, specifically reproductive cloning, is the question, Are we playing God? Nancy Duff suggests that to play God is to attempt to usurp Gods place by replacing his creation with human manufacture. (Beyond) This question has many different aspects, all of which are certainly worth debating. The first element of discussion considers Gods methods. Cloning is not the method of reproduction that God created. In Leviticus 18, God specifically instructs us not to marry close blood relatives. Who is a closer blood relative than yourself? God intended for a man and a woman with two different sets of DNA to come together in order to create a child. This also has a bearing on Gods construction of the family unit. When a man and a woman get married and have children, a family is formed. God intended for children to be raised by two parents, not one. With reproductive cloning, single people would clone themselves and raise that clone as their own child. This is not a wholly beneficial position for the cloned child, as the lack of a second, different parent can have a detrimental effect on the child. The lack of a concrete family unit can have adverse effects on society, as well. There is an observed correlation between faulty family structure and the rise of criminal activity. (Hum an) Ideally, Gods method of multiplying the human race provides children with two different parents, equipped and prepared to raise their children together. The other matter has to do with the spiritual life of a clone. When a human is created by God, it is created in His image and supplied with a soul. Does God separately bestow a soul upon each embryo as it is conceived, or does the clone simply gain its spiritual identity from the donor? Would God give a soul to a cloned embryo, one that He did not create? The Bible does not address this issue, and so we cannot know for sure if a clone would have a soul. (Human) This presents a choice to those making the choice to clone a human. If you were out hunting in the woods with a friend and lost sight of them, would you shoot at a rustling in the bushes? Not if you stopped to think, for that very rustling may be your wayward companion. Similarly, the creation of a human without the knowledge of its spiritual future is a very risky matter.

Converting Angstroms to Nanometers Example Problem

This example problem demonstrates how to convert angstroms to nanometers. Angstroms (Ã…) and nanometers (nm) are both linear measurements used to express extremely small distances. Problem The spectra of the element mercury have a bright green line with a wavelength of 5460.47 Ã…. What is the wavelength of this light in nanometers? Solution 1 Ã… 10-10 m1 nm 10-9 mSet up the conversion so the desired unit will be canceled out. In this case, we want nanometers to be the remaining unit.wavelength in nm (wavelength in Ã…) x (10-10 m/1 Ã…) x (1 nm/10-9 m)wavelength in nm (wavelength in Ã…) x (10-10/10-9 nm/Ã…)wavelength in nm (wavelength in Ã…) x (10-1) nm/Ã…)wavelength in nm (5460.47/10) nmwavelength in nm 546.047 nm​ Answer The green line in mercurys  spectra has a wavelength of 546.047 nm. It may be easier to remember there are 10 angstroms in 1 nanometer. This would mean that 1 angstrom is a tenth of a nanometer and a conversion from angstroms to nanometers would mean moving the decimal place one position to the left. Remember to check your significant figures when reporting measurements. In science, even if you do the calculation correctly, your answer is technically incorrect if not reported using significant digits.